System Design and Calculations
Güneş enerjisi sistemi kurulmadan önce yapılması gereken en önemli adım, doğru bir sistem tasarımı yapmaktır. Bu tasarım; günlük enerji ihtiyacınıza, coğrafi konumunuza, çatı alanınıza ve bütçenize göre şekillenir. Bu bölümde ihtiyacınıza uygun bir sistemi nasıl boyutlandıracağınızı adım adım anlatıyoruz.
🔍 Günlük Enerji Tüketiminin Hesaplanması
To properly size your solar energy system, you need to determine your daily electricity needs. There are two basic methods for this:
A. Calculation from Monthly Electricity Bill
This method is suitable for users who have regular electricity bills.
Steps:
Get the monthly consumption average for the last 1 year.
Find the daily consumption by dividing the monthly average by 30.
Example:
Monthly average: 450 kWh
→ Daily consumption = 450 ÷ 30 = 15 kWh/day
B. Device Based Consumption Calculation
Faturası düzenli olmayan, yazlık-kırsal ev gibi yerler için uygundur.
Steps:
Determine the daily operating time of all devices used in the home.
Check the power rating (Watt) of each device.
Use the following formula:
Example:
Television: 120W x 4 hours = 0.48 kWh
Refrigerator: 100W x 24 hours = 2.4 kWh
Lighting (10 pcs 10W bulbs): 100W x 5 hours = 0.5 kWh
Internet Modem: 20W x 24 hours = 0.48 kWh
→ Total ≈ 3.86 kWh/day
☀️ Sunlight Duration and Production Potential
How much electricity your solar energy system will produce per day depends not only on the number of panels you install, but also on the amount of sunlight in your area. Therefore, the amount of sunlight should definitely be taken into account to correctly size your system.
📌 What is the Duration of Sunbathing?
Sunshine duration refers to the time interval during which sunlight falls on the panels with a certain intensity and efficiency. This duration directly affects electricity production. In regions with high sunshine duration, the same amount of electricity can be produced with fewer panels.
Average daily sunshine durations across Türkiye are as follows:
📌 Note: These values are annual averages. Production decreases in the winter months and increases in the summer months.
⚙️ How to Calculate System Power?
The total power that the system should produce according to the user's daily energy needs is calculated with the following formula:
✅ Sample Calculation:
Daily energy requirement: 15 kWh
Sunbathing time: 5 hours
15 ÷ 5 = 3 kW
In this case, a system with a power of at least 3 kW should be installed.
⚠️ Loss and Inefficiency Allowance Should Be Added
In real life, no system operates at 100% efficiency. There may be a 10–20% energy loss due to cable losses, panel efficiency decrease, inverter conversion loss, etc. Therefore, a safety margin should be added to the production calculation for a safe system design.
☀️ Is There a Way to Increase Sunbathing Time?
Although it is not possible to increase the duration completely, the efficiency can be increased by optimizing the panel placement and angle:
Ensure that the panels do not receive shadows.
Must be mounted on a south facing surface
The ideal angle of inclination for Türkiye: latitude + 5°
The range of 35°–40° is suitable to balance winter and summer efficiency.